Mid Lachlan Landcare

Responding to Cowra’s Flying Fox Camp 2026 Heat Stress Event

On the evening of 24th January, Cowra welcomed the Sydney Wildlife mobile bat hospital team into town to help us manage the impending heat stress event – an event that went on to last for ten exhausting days but that luckily resulted in relatively few bats succuming to the harsh conditions.

The response was initiated by concerned locals with our Landcare team being made aware of the impending event a few days before it happened and receiving our briefing the day before crews arived.

The Australasian Bat Society reports that temperatures higher than 42C can kill flying foxes – a temperature Cowra exceeded five times over the space of eight days this January.

The Flying Foxes struggle with heat is partly because they can’t sweat and as such rely on panting and flapping to cool themselves down. These behaviours exhaust them during prolongued heat events.

But temperature alone doesn’t make for terrible conditions, humidity also plays an important role. Pure speculation at this point but it’s possible that low humidity may have been one of a few reasons Cowra’s colony faired better than others…

Sydney Wildlife Rescue led the on-ground response to the Heat Stress Event with assistance on site from two other wildlife volunteer rescue organisations: Wildcare Queanbeyan and ACT Wildlife. Wildlife ARC on the Central Coast also assisted by rehabilitating some of the rescued bats.

A number of pups were rescued over that first weekend and it wasn’t long before we were updated as to their condition. Paula from Bouddi Wildlife Bat Facility on the Central Coast sent this adorable picture of one of the recovering babies.

Paula later sent a few more happy snaps which were gratefully received by our community who were following along with the operation on Facebook & through the good old bush telegraph.

We were also sharing updates from our local Landcare volunteers who were dropping by the camp to offer moral support, disposal bags, food and even a generator!

Update from day 2

“The bats are pretty stressed with the heat and flying about a bit. Young ones seem to be getting affected more so, getting some of them in time to get into the hospital van but not all. There were 3 watchers walking round to get those bats they can reach. ( As they become more fatigued they get lower down the trees/ fence).” Will.

The Sydney Wildlife hospital van could only stay in town until Tuesday at which point it was replaced by a team lead by Rob Leach from the International Fund for Animal Welfare Australia. You can access the article they wrote about our event here.

Before I go on, it’s important to thank the vets, disaster response professionals & visiting volunteers that were on site during the event, some of whom had travelled significant distances or who had been hopping from disaster to disaster in order to be with us instead of their families. We can’t thank you all enough for your support and professionalism. I didn’t get to meet everyone during the event but some of our other

During this time I was spending much of my time backing up the team on the ground as best as I could, helping them find accomodation for the distressed bats and maintain power, water & site cleanliness. Our Central Tableland Regional Office provided us with a useful infographic to share with the public about what to do should they come across a distressed animal:

By Day Seven, the worst had past and we received this update from Rob.

“We hit 44 degrees on Wednesday, and thankfully only 40 degrees yesterday at the bat colony. We had 7 babies rescued on Wednesday, and they’ve all been transported to Canberra to be in care with ‘ACT Wildlife’. Yesterday with the reduced heat, we only needed to rescue 1 baby. It was severely underweight but our experienced rehabilitator here has managed to already get it to start drinking and toileting in her care overnight. It will be transported to ‘Wildlife ARC’ on the central coast with our volunteer today for intensive rehabilitation.

As we do in emergency management, we prepare for the worst, with options to scale up and down as needed. We came in ready for catastrophe with the predicted weather. Thankfully, what we saw was a very resilient flying fox colony. Yes we had a number that didn’t make it and we rescued what we could, but overall I feel it was a lot better of a result that what we’ve seen in other parts of the state and even country with similar weather.

With the resilience of this camp, we’re taking our experts advice that it’s time for us to demobilise. We anticipate there may be some cumulative/exhaustion impacts with a small number not making it over the next few days, but for overall colony welfare we’re going to minimise our interventions/presence.

Again we would like to sincerely thank all the volunteers and Landcare for all you have done to support our efforts here, it really could not have been as smooth or well-resourced without your help. We are incredibly grateful, and we will no doubt be looking forward to working closely together for whatever the next environmental disaster may be.”

– Rob Leach

Sydney wildlife rescue, and IFAW Animal Rescue Program Officer – Oceania

The On-Ground efforts Wrap-Up

Just before the swat team of carers dispersed Sarah’s Bats (bat Carer based in the Blue Mountains) posted a delightful update of the bats belly skimming in the Lachlan River to cool off. While at the camp Sarah caught up with Sam Yabsley who was also in town collecting data for her PhD on heat stress events. Below isn’t Sarah’s footage but it is of a Grey-headed Flying-Fox – the type we mostly get in Cowra.

With that, the teams dispersed, leaving the bats to their own devices. We did have reports of a couple more distressed animals after this point but they were managed in a ‘business-as-stretched-but-usual’ way.

The Aftermath.

Having never participated in a heat stress event like this before, I had no expectations of what would come next so I was pleasantly surprised when Rob kept in touch and invited me to join his de-brief session with Wildtalk.

Wildtalk provide mental health support to wildlife carers and are experts at helping teams de-brief and re-group after events such as this. I turned up to the ZOOM call with no expectations and very little idea of what was to come but found the two hour session very helpful indeed, not least because I finally got to put faces to names and ‘meet’ some of the folks who’d been helping us in Cowra.

Since then I’ve written up a Case Study outlining the event and the actions I’d like to see come from this. Since completing this report, I’ve been told our Local Land Services do not have any juristiction over native animals – good to know!

You can access my case study here.

Finally, I want to leave you with a bit of a review of what’s happened from a Flying Fox perspective this summer. It feels to me like it’s they’ve had quite a bad run but I can also see through looking at past news items that mass colony collapse events such as those listed below from this year have happened many times before thanks in a large part to climate change.

While this event worked out relatively well for us here in Cowra, I’m definitely not feeling like it’s time to sit back and leave them to it. If anything, there’s quite a lot of work we can do to help make sure our Flying Foxes stay with us and helping us grow our forests for many years to come.

Onwards and upwards as they say…

A Round-Up of how camps across Australia have faired this summer.

  • Brimbank Park, 15km north of Melbourne CBD – mass mortalities. Brooks Creek Dapto approx 500 deaths plus 170 at Figtree. Also Wolli Creek, Windsor, Parramatta, Campbelltown and Wagga Wagga.
  • 80% of a colony in Naracoorte, South Australia were wiped out this summer.

What Action is Being Taken / Requested

Moreton Bay in Queensland have installed 16 sensors to help monitor the health & welfare of their flyijng fox colonies.

Wellingtonshire council in Victoria closed roads and footpaths to help the Flying Foxes keep their cool & protect the public from coming into contact with any dead or injured animals.

Ipswich City Council in Queensland closed part of their Japanese gardens to help flying fox colony thrive.

Wildlife Victoria were recently assisted by the Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action (DEECA) & local councils.

Many places, including us here in Cowra are calling for coordinated state wide emergency response plans.

Mount Isa City Council are putting together a flying fox management plan for the community. This is the questionnaire they made available for local residents.

According to this article, camps in Canberra faired reasonably well thanks in part to understory plantings and misters installed by the National Capital Authority.

Further Information

Heat events and Australian Flying Foxes fact sheet April 2025

Heat Stress Forecaster from the Australasian Bat Society.

Mapping salinity & more with our bespoke field-mapping app

Last week Tracee & I joined Wooly (Andrew Wooldridge) on a salinity measuring day around Cowra.

Wooly both volunteers with Mid Lachlan Landcare & Works with the Department of Climate Change, Energy and the Environment. Salinity mapping, measuring, monitoring and managing is one of his things!

Wooly has been working with us and other Landcare groups in the central west to test-drive a custom-made app that allows us to ‘see’ salinity, it’s impacts and the mitigation/ remediation measures we’re taking & deliver that data direct to farmers, land managers and other interested parties.

Murrumbidgee Landcare, who are also part of this initiative have uploaded a great summary of this project and have also provided a map of each of our salinity testing loops. We will be making the Cowra loop results available on this centralised website as soon as we can get the data uploaded to our shared app.

This app will make it easier for us as Landcare to track management actions across our area &, more importantly, will help us & our community to make good management decisions.

Salinity data has been something our government has gathered and kept for many years but this is the first time we’ll be able to deliver detailed & specific data to the people responsible for managing it in real time.

Exciting times.

Decision making that shapes resilient farms with Brian Wehlberg.

We had a fantastic turn out for our Growing The Grazing Revolution meet yesterday. Guest speaker Brian Wehlburg from Inside Outside Management kept us enthralled with his talk on ‘Decision making that shapes resilient farms’.

While there were plenty of great take home messages, Brian’s reminder of the power of building community, working alongside our neighbours & coming together to share & grow really hit the mark.

It was also really impactful to here from the Hickman’s (Guss, Anna & Tom) about their values, vision & practices at Talinga in Woodstock. Truly inspiring.

‘If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together’

That’s what we plan to do with our Grazing Group over the coming 18 months & we’d love for you to join us!

Thanks for a great day Scott Hickman and a big Thank You to Tamara at Central Tablelands Local Land Services in Cowra for your financial support which went a long way to making this event possible.

The Sunflowers we’re donning came from the Multi Species Crop planted right next to the shearing shed. Here Tom explains what went into that and how it’s gone:

From Tom Hickman:

Multi species crop was the Summer Super Mix south from down under covers, it included:

Forage Sorghum, Forage Millet, Sunflowers, Buckwheat, Radish, Rape, Purple Top Turnip, Mungbeans, Soybeans, Crimson Clover and Sunn Hemp. It was sown down with YLAD’s Multi-Species Grow granular fertiliser. 

The main aim for that paddock was to reduce the amount of pin rush (trial) and improve the soil. The paddock is low lying and receives a lot of run off from the road, historically it has been a sheep/ bull paddock and has not been included in the main rotation so has been neglected.  

We started off by slashing the paddock then spraying out with roundup, after which we sowed with a disk planter. 

It is hard to say yet if it has reduced the Pin rush but hopefully the ground will be more open/broken up from the tap root and radish plants. We did not have great rain fall so the crop has been severely moisture stressed with areas completely dying off and most species not surviving bar the sunflowers and some millet or sorghum. 

Eucalyptus Day & Beyond – Life Around A Gum Tree Teaching Resource

When the charity Eucaluptus Australia formed in 2007 they nominated 23rd March as National Eucalyptus and published their three key priorities:

  • Conservation: Projects that identify and address threats to eucalypt conservation
  • Education: Projects that raise public awareness of eucalypt cultural and conservation values
  • Research: Projects that increase scientific knowledge of eucalypts

You can read more on the history of the day & how it came about here but for now we’d like to introduce you to our ‘Life Around A Gum Tree‘ educational resource & Bingo Cards which is full of local content & perfect for anyone who wants to learn more about these beautiful trees in a fun & interactive way!

About our ‘Life Around A Gum Tree’ Resource.

Life Around A Gum Tree is an immersive, multi-sensory teaching resource centred around a ‘bingo’ style game. We’ve provided 8 bingo cards, each featuring 8 living things you’d find around a gum tree.

In the teacher’s pack there are three converstation starters to stimulate discussion plus a set of 20 biology fact cards detailing information about the life you’ll find around a gum tree. These can be read out in any order with students marking off their living thing as it’s name is mentioned. First one to complete the card shouts ‘trees’ and is declared the winner.

The teacher cards contain links to further supporting resources including videos, audio recordings, Citizen Science apps and more.

Finally, and what we like best about this resource is that it was developed locally for our community and can be used to support local field trips, surveys and other such excursions.

For educators, the resource maps well to the primary science syllabus:

Early stage 1: Ste-3LW-ST

Explores the characteristics, needs and uses of living things.

Stage 1: ST1-4LW-S

Describes observable features of living things and their environments

Stage 2: ST2-4LW-S

Compares features and characteristics of living and non-living things 

Stage 3: ST3-4LW-S

Examines how the environment affects the growth, survival and adaptation of living things.

Tip for those wanting to play the game with their class.

Print out then laminate your bingo cards so they can be wiped down and re-used. This also works well for anyone wanting to take the game outdoors in all weathers.

For the general public

We encourage you to download the PDF and spend an hour or so sitting under your favourite gum tree & contemplaiting the diversity of life it supports.

World Wetland Day Kayak at Wyangala Dam

After successfully kayaking in the new year in 2025, we’ve decided to do it again!

Join us at Wyangala Dam on Thursday 29th January as we reflect on water management from our Landcare perspective while enjoying a paddle and float.

BOOK HERE

We’ll share an outline of what water-focused events we’ve got planned for the rest of the year (think enhancing farm dams, Carp musters, ecological planting etc) while encouraging reflection on the origins of World Wetland Day.

We look forward to spending a relaxing morning in nature with you in beautiful surrounds just 30 minutes from Cowra CBD

So what will the kayaking be like?

We plan to kayak only 2-3km return, following the banks of the dam out to a swimming spot before returning back to the shore for a picnic. The shore line is rocky in parts but there are plenty of areas along the stretch we’ll be visiting with easy access to the water.

Feel free to give Amanda a call if you want to talk through any questions before deciding whether to join. 0439 576 903

And what is World Wetlands Day?

World Wetlands Day is marked on 2nd Feb each year. The first World Wetlands Day was held in Ramsar, Iran in 1971 day 1971, a day that marked the anniversary of the Ramsar Convention.

It is essential to our survival as a species that we protect and conserve the worlds wetlands – something that we’ve often not prioritised as human populations have expanded across the world. It will be interesting to consider the role of water management (including the building of dams) in wetland conservation and spend some time thinking on our personal and community values, wants and needs.

BOOK HERE

Life Around The Gum Tree: The Helena Gum Moth

Summer is a great time for bug spotting and this season, I’ve spotted a few interesting things while out and about, including these Helena Gum Moths – Austrocaligula helena.

My first sighting was of the adult moth resting on an Acacia shrub. The adult moths live for around 2 weeks during which time they focus all their energy on breeding. During this stage in their life-cycle, they can’t eat due to having no mouth parts. As such, while are most likely to be found on or around Eucalypt trees during their Caterpillar stage, as moths, they could be hanging out anywhere!

Here’s the Caterpillar I spotted – these are pretty big and chunky! I spotted this on the side of the road so I moved them into the leaf litter. Hopefully this one will make it to its next lifecycle stage – the cocoon which apparently they can remain in for up to 2 years. Wow!

Want more information? Here’s a short and informative video on gum moths.

These beautiful insects can be found across our Landcare region so keep your eyes peeled!

Rodenticides under review – an update

In September we worked with the Cowra Woodland Birds Program on an evening event for the Bird Interest Group Network (BIGnet) annual gathering occuring in Cowra. Titled ‘Caring for nature’s pest controllers’ the event featured a short film followed by panel discussion around second generation rodenticides (SGARs).

At that time we were all nervously awaiting a decision from the Australian government’s pesticide and veterinary medicines authority (APVMA) as to whether regulations around this family of rat and mice poisons would be tightened.

SGARs can have devastating impacts on non-target species such as owls, eagles and magpies due to the poison remaining active in the rodents body after death & accumulating in their natural predators. Not all rodenticides behave this way or pose these risks.

A decision, which was due any day, was finally published this week (December). The APVMA press release is available here.

The APVMA process includes a consultation period which is now open for your input. Submissions can be made until 16th March 2026.

Resources

A PDF of the APVMA’s latest review can be downloaded from here.

Night Calling Short Film available to view for free on Youtube.

Birdlife Australia on Rat Poison.

A news article by the ABC covering response to the review can be found here.

Some councils around the world have developed ‘Owl Friendly’ policies. Margaret River Council is an example of that.

Learning on country – Green Fields, Good Food & Great Communities

It’s been over a decade that we’ve been welcoming Brigidine College students from Randwick in Sydney to our region for their HSC field trips. Each year, in the words of the Pretenders, some things change, some stay the same.

This year’s students are here to enhance their Food Nutrition & Hospitality syllabi with a stay that spans three days out exploring our Mid Lachlan region.

Our theme for this year’s Hospitality students was ‘Food Builds Community‘ and included a trip to Montrose House in Canowindra, a shift at Canowindra Connections Food Basket & Community Kitchen plus a chance for students to cook for the group on one of our local organic farms.

The Food Technology students theme was ‘Good Soil, Good Food’ focusing on how our grain, beef, lamb, olive, fig and grape producers care for the soil and how their management decisions shape their foods nutritional content, taste and smell.

We started with a greeting from Cowra Deputy Mayor Nikki Kiss before going on to visit seven farm-based enterprises & four local food & community focused businesses before waving our goodbyes.

We’ve so many interesting and diverse farms out here in the Central West, it’s a great place to bring the syllabus to life.

Good luck with your HSC class of 2025/26 & hope to see some more students from Brigidine next year!

Will’s Working Bee

2025 has been a great year for on-ground working bee’s which, thanks to our Glossy Black Cockatoo planting project resulted in 60 volunteers (approximately 240 volunteer hours) across 6 planting events! Brilliant stuff, but that wasn’t enough for you apparently and we’ve been asked to provide MORE working bee’s which is totally amazing. So, we put on one last event for the year and that was at Will’s farm in Cudal – partly to thank Will for his work in looking after our tube-stock in between plantings but also because his place is just so beautiful & worthy of a helping hand.

Will runs a sheep agistment enterprise on part of his 274 hectare farm Lowanna with the rest comprising of paddocks, corridoors and other biodiversity plantings. Will & his wife Sue who sadly passed away last year, have been on a tree-growing mission since moving to the property in 2002, so much so that Will’s lost count of just how many have been planted and you can tell – the whole place is just beautiful.

Today our team of willing workers turned up to help Will straighten up some old tree guards that were still required while removing and collecting guards that had served their purpose & weeding around the edges. Before doing that we took a look at Will’s substantial veggie garden and got a tour of his growing native plant nursery – a labour of love and necessity – reducing both the costs and stock availability issues that can occur in large-scale revegetation initiatives like the one Will has taken on.

Our team of 10 made light work of the tree guard’s before downing tools and walking up to the farm’s high point where we could really appreciate the beauty that brought Will & Sue here. Sue wasn’t left behind, we paid our respects to her as we passed where her ashes were scattered and thanked her for leaving such a beautiful green-thumbed mark on this lucky piece of the world.

N.B: When we arrived, we were introduced to the resident Boobook owl (See slide show). This is what the owl would sound like should they call.

We’re always happy to have more volunteers on board for our Working Bee & project planting events so if this looks like something you’d like to participate in, do drop us an email or give us a call. We publish coming events in our monthly newsletter which is free to sign up to and also contains details of grants you can apply for plus other events in our region that we feel may be of interest.

Soil Microbiology on Farms

Last year we received funding from the Biodiversity Conservation Trust to run a project looking at soil microbiology across our region. As lead of that project for Mid Lachlan Landcare, I chose to trial the Microbiometer, an in-paddock soil microbiology test that allows farmers and land managers to measure their total soil microbes and the soil fungi:bacteria ratio both quickly and cost effectively. While that project finished up in August 2024, I still had test strips remaining which, during the course of this year I’ve used while going about my general farm site visits & school excursious. By late November, with around 10 test strips left I headed out with Grazing Group leader Scott Hickman to a farm in Carcoar and to a farmer who’se been doing quite a bit of experimenting of his own in the soil biology space…

Sam has been on this farm since 1983 and has been taking a soil-biology first approach since 1991. Prioritising soil biology has taken many forms including how livestock are managed, what crops are sown, how paddocks are treated & what & when any adjuvants are added. A common narrative that exists around farmers is that they are a conservative, risk-averse bunch who tend to stick to their own tried-and-tested ways of doing things. While that can be true and, given the mental, physical and even spiritual costs associated with getting things wrong in farm-world, understandable, I’d say most farmers I meet are deeply curious, experimental & up for a challenge. You could definitely say that about Sam.

I won’t share the soil microbiology results we collected here as I’ve not yet had a chance to discuss them with Sam but suffice to say his microbes seem happy and in good balance. What I will do though is explain a little more about what we did, just in case you were wanting to do the same at your place.

Soil Microbiology & General Health Check List.

  1. Stick a fork in it.

One of the cheapest, fastest and most rewarding things you can do with soil is prod it! Just noticing how easy it is to get a fork in the ground tells you so much about compaction layering & soil composition.

2. Count the critters you can see.

I always conduct an informal count & characterisation of what we find in a clod of soil. Soil macrofauna includes worms, beetles, ants, termites and grubs. These play a vital role in cycling nutrients – the general rule-of-thumb being ‘the more (diversity & total number) the merrier’!

3. Soil structure

We note the colour & smell of the soil (you can smell life in the soil & get an idea if you’ve got a more bacteria or fungi dominant sample). Get a feel for soil texture (sant, silt, organic matter, clay & sand) & evaluate soil compaction.

4. Root depth & soil aggregates around plant roots

We have a look at how deep roots penetrate, how the soil adheres and aggregates around plant roots, whether the soil contains pores and other air spaces, how well it holds together & how heavy it feels.

5. Biodiversity.

We look at what species are growing, the variety of species and the condition of the paddocks – bare ground vs green growth vs brown material.

6. Site History

We get a thorough history of each paddock including when it was last grazed (if relevant), any spraying that’s occured and crop rotations.


Testing Soil Microbiology

I then took samples from the top 5cm of soil and evaluated them using the Microbiometer. Soil microbiology generally follows a couple of general patterns with soils more likely to be fungi dominant in woody, undisturbed areas and more likely bacteria dominant in cropping systems when new crops are emerging and in boggier areas – fungi preferring slow systems and bacteria preferring fast. The total number of microbes present vary based on how much action there is at the site and the sites underlying potential (which is related to the underlying geology).

I also measure soil pH and do a rough soil moisture reading as moisture levels do affect total microbe numbers.

All of this data, plus consideration of the site geography (weather impacts, slope, wind speeds etc) helps us come up with a narrative description explaining the farms current soil health.

Soil health in a farming system is largely subjective and relative in as much as the aim is to get as much productivity out of the soil as possible while maintaining system health. Farming soils are not ‘natural’ in the sense that an undisturbed Box Gum Grassy Woodland may be thought of as natural but that doesn’t mean they are inferior – it means they are different. For example, a healthy and productive farmed soil in a Box Gum Grassy Woodland area will likely support a diverse range of grasses, sedges and forbes while lacking orchid diversity. This being because many orchids prefer the soil types found on unimproved pastures – free draining, more sandy surface with light to no grazing pressure. So, improving pasture for grazing can create soil conditions over time that disadvantage orchids or advantage grasses and/or improving pasture so you can graze more results in more chance any orchids that grow will be preferentially grazed out. It’s likely all manageable but it’s definitely not simple and involves the land manager being clear-eyed on what success will look like for them so they can manage for that.

Scott and I had a great day out at Sam’s place and while we’ve now run out of test strips, let us know if this is something you’d be interested in and we’ll see if we can get funding for some more on-ground activity. Also keep your eyes out for a Soil-Microbiology-On-Farms event with our Grazing Group in 2026.